Why Are Tank Tracks Exposed?

In heavy combat situations and even during training, you might observe a significant number of tanks with exposed tracks. This is not uncommon, and there are several reasons behind this design choice. Understanding these reasons can help in appreciating the complexities and challenges that military vehicles face in various terrains.

Mobility and Traction

Tank tracks are designed to provide better traction on various terrains such as mud, sand, and snow. This capability allows tanks to navigate rough landscapes more effectively, which is crucial for military operations. The exposed tracks help in distributing the weight of the tank over a larger area, thereby reducing ground pressure. This design prevents the vehicle from sinking into soft ground, enhancing its mobility and operational effectiveness.

Weight Distribution

One of the primary advantages of exposed tracks is their ability to distribute the weight of the tank. By doing so, they reduce the ground pressure, which is particularly important in scenarios where the terrain is soft or uneven. This feature ensures that the tank can maintain its mobility even on challenging terrains, making it a vital part of its functionality in combat scenarios.

Simplicity and Maintenance

Exposing the tracks simplifies the maintenance process for the tank crew. It allows for easier inspection and identification of wear and damage, enabling timely repairs and adjustments. This aspect is critical for maintaining the reliability of the tank in active combat conditions. Covering the tracks with side plates would add another layer of complexity, making maintenance more difficult and time-consuming.

Cooling and Debris Clearance

Exposed tracks also play a role in cooling the tank and facilitating the clearance of debris. During operation, tracks can help dissipate heat, which is essential for maintaining the performance of the tank's components. Additionally, the exposed tracks allow for the clearance of debris that may accumulate during movement, such as mud, rocks, and branches. These features contribute to the overall functionality and longevity of the tank.

Design and Functionality

The design of tank tracks is integral to the tank's function. Exposed tracks allow for a robust construction that can withstand the stress of combat environments. This design choice prioritizes durability and performance over the additional protection provided by side plates. While side plates can offer some anti-armor protection, the additional weight and complexity they introduce can hinder maintenance and mobility.

Original Purpose of Side Skirts

Side skirts, also known as sponsons, were originally designed to protect tanks from the sides, primarily against anti-tank rifles. Over time, these skirts proved to be effective against High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) munitions. However, the primary reason for their widespread use is ease of repair and maintenance. If a tank's tracks are exposed, it is easier to access and repair them without the need to remove heavy and cumbersome side plates.

While side plates can provide lightweight standoff armor for the hull, they can also trap mud, rocks, and branches, leading to increased maintenance. If a track breaks or comes off, removing several or even a dozen side plates can significantly delay the repair process. This is a significant inconvenience for the crew and can affect the tank's readiness for future missions.

Conclusion

While exposed tracks may present some disadvantages, such as increased vulnerability to damage, the benefits in terms of performance and maintenance often outweigh these concerns in military operations. The design priorities in modern tanks focus on simplicity, robustness, and ease of maintenance, which can be seen as a strategic trade-off to ensure that tanks can perform effectively in various combat scenarios.