Understanding the Gestating Sow: Prior to Farrowing
What is a Farrowing Sow?
Farrowing sows are pregnant female pigs that have made their way to the farrowing house to give birth to their piglets. After giving birth, these sows usually remain in the farrowing house for a few weeks to ensure the safety and well-being of their newborns.
The term gilts is often used to refer to female pigs that have not yet given birth. Once these females have produced a litter, they are referred to as sows. Male pigs that have been castrated are known as shoats. It is worth noting that there isn’t a specific term used to describe a pig that is not pregnant, but they might be referred to as NIP not in pregnancy.
Gestating: The Art of Being Pregnant
What Exactly is Gestating?
Gestating means being pregnant, a period of growth and reproduction that leads to the birth of a new life. This term is not only applicable to humans but also to various animals, including pigs. During this phase, the pregnant pig grows and prepares for the eventual birth of her offspring.
The Gestation Period for Pigs
The gestation period for pigs, defined as the time a pig is pregnant, spans around 112 to 115 days, approximately three months, three weeks, and three days. During this time, a sow can carry between 7 to 14 baby pigs, or piglets. On average, a litter will consist of about 10 piglets, though this figure can vary depending on the pig breed and environmental conditions. Domesticated pigs typically have more frequent litters, with some sows capable of producing three or more litters within a year. However, it is important to note that having three litters per year may be too frequent for the animal's health, and commercial operations often aim for more controlled breeding schedules.
The Birth Process (Farrowing)
What is Farrowing?
For a sow, the process of giving birth is known as 'farrowing.' This is the term used to describe the birthing process in pigs. Farrowing involves a series of stages, beginning with softening of the birth canal, the appearance of water sacs, and the eventual expulsion of the piglets. Farrowing can take several hours to complete and requires the sow to be in a state of alertness to ensure the survival of her offspring.
Caution Around the Gestating or Farrowing Sow
Why Are Gestating and Farrowing Sows More Protective?
Gestating and farrowing sows are often described as protective animals. During these stages, a sow’s protective instincts are heightened, and it is advisable to be cautious when around them. Sows can be quite dangerous if they feel threatened or if their young are in danger. Their protective behavior can lead to aggression and the potential for injury if not handled with care and respect. It is crucial to maintain a safe distance and avoid startling or provoking them during these critical periods in their life cycle.