Introduction to Food Grade Plastics

Food grade plastics are specially designed and approved for use in food packaging, storage, and preparation. These materials are engineered to prevent the leaching of harmful chemicals into the food, ensuring they are safe for direct contact with food products. This article delves into the common types of food grade plastics, methods to identify them, and modern industry standards that go beyond material composition to address potential hazards.

Common Types of Food Grade Plastics

The most common types of food grade plastics widely used in the industry include:

Polyethylene (PE): Often used for plastic bags and food containers. Polypropylene (PP): Commonly used for yogurt containers, straws, and microwaveable containers. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE): Typically used for beverage bottles and some food packaging. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Found in milk jugs, juice bottles, and some food containers.

Identifying Food Grade Plastics

Accurately identifying food grade plastics is crucial for consumer safety. Here are several key methods to help identify these materials:

Recycling Symbols

Look for the recycling symbol, a triangle made of arrows with a number inside it. This number can indicate if the plastic is food grade:

1 (PETE): Used for soft drink and water bottles. 2 (HDPE): Used for milk jugs and detergent bottles. 5 (PP): Used for yogurt containers and straws.

Labels and Certifications

Many food containers include labels indicating they are food grade. Manufacturers often provide certifications and compliance information on their packaging or websites.

Material Feel and Appearance

Food grade plastics typically have a smooth finish and are more durable than non-food grade plastics. They are less likely to be brittle.

Odor

A strong chemical odor may indicate the plastic is not food safe. Food grade plastics generally have little to no odor.

Manufacturer Information

Checking the manufacturer's website or product information for details about the material and its safety for food use is essential.

Modern Industry Standards and Verification Processes

The term 'food grade' has evolved to encompass more than just material composition and use-case suitability. Here is a generalized procedural flow for verifying food grade plastics and other food contact materials:

Define Product Intended Usage: Packaging, finished goods, processing aids, etc. Geographical Scope: Regulatory bodies for the entire supply chain, including input origins, processing assemblies, co-manufacturing, contingency/crisis mitigation planning, commerce/retail markets, exports, etc. Further Product Features: Define regulatory arenas like FDA or FSIS. 2nd Party Requirements: Retailer standards, brand identity requirements, labeling, identity interpretations, etc. 3rd Party Requirements: Audit certification schemes like SQF, BRC, or FSSC22000. Vendor Assessment: Gather product documentation, letters of guarantee, product specification sheets, technical data sheets, certifications, and conduct testing and sampling. Logistical Controls and Food Defense: Regularly monitor and enforce controls to ensure food safety and security.

Conclusion

Ensuring the safety and quality of food grade plastics is critical in the food industry. By understanding common types, using reliable identification methods, and adhering to stringent industry standards, businesses can protect their consumers and maintain their reputation for safety and integrity.