Exploring the Architectural Differences: Plastered vs. Unplastered Exteriors in North India
When traveling by train to Delhi/North India, one cannot help but notice the stark contrast between the exteriors of North Indian houses and those of Bengal. This article delves into the factors that contribute to these architectural differences, including climate, cultural practices, construction materials, and economic factors.
Aesthetic Differences: Climate and Cultural Practices
The difference in exterior finishes of houses in North India compared to Bengal can be attributed to several factors, including climate, cultural practices, and construction materials.
Climate
North India: North India experiences a semi-arid to humid subtropical climate with hot summers and cold winters. Traditional construction in North India often utilizes local materials such as brick and stone, which can be left unplastered for aesthetic reasons or to reduce costs. The visual appeal of exposed brick or stone work is highly valued in many North Indian communities, reflecting local architectural styles.
Bengal: In contrast, Bengal has a more humid and tropical climate with significant rainfall. Plastering is necessary to protect homes from moisture, thereby preventing water damage. Plastering also provides a smoother, more aesthetically pleasing finish in a more humid environment.
Cultural Practices
Aesthetic Preferences: In many North Indian communities, there is a cultural preference for exposed brick or stone finishes. These finishes are often seen as more traditional or rustic and are valued for their aesthetic appeal.
Functionality: The use of plaster in Bengali households is often linked to practical needs, such as water resistance and easier maintenance in a more humid environment. Plastering helps to shield the underlying materials from moisture and wear, ensuring that homes remain in good condition.
Construction Materials and Economic Factors
The availability and cost of construction materials also play a significant role in the difference between plastered and unplastered exteriors.
Local Availability and Cost
North India: Brick and stone are commonly used in North Indian construction and are often left unplastered. The cost of plaster and labor for finishing homes may be higher in some areas, leading to choices that favor less expensive, unplastered finishes.
Bengal: Mud and clay are more prevalent in Bengal, and plastering is a cost-effective way to provide a smoother finish and protect the underlying materials from the elements. Plastering also helps to keep the interiors cooler in a more humid climate, reducing the need for artificial cooling methods.
The Case of Bihar, Jharkhand, Until Punjab
Another notable difference in North India is the lack of ventilation and sideways windows in houses from Bihar, Jharkhand, through to Punjab. This phenomenon can be attributed to a combination of cultural and practical factors.
Aesthetic and Practical Aspects: In many North Indian and eastern regions, houses may be constructed with fewer windows and ventilation openings due to cultural preferences and practical considerations. Proper ventilation can help regulate indoor temperatures, especially during hot summers, and prevent dampness and mold growth. However, in some areas, the absence of large windows and ventilation can lead to poor air quality and discomfort for residents.
Conclusion
Overall, the choice between plastered and unplastered exteriors in North India versus Bengal is influenced by a combination of environmental conditions, cultural aesthetics, available materials, and economic considerations. Understanding these factors can provide valuable insights into the unique architectural characteristics of different regions in India.