Centipedes vs. Reptiles: Understanding Their Differences and Fascinating Characteristics
Many people often confuse centipedes with reptiles, but these creatures belong to completely different taxonomic classes. Centipedes are fascinating arthropods, while reptiles are a separate group of animals. Understanding their differences and identifying the unique characteristics of each is crucial for accurate identification and classification.
Are Centipedes Reptiles?
No, centipedes are not reptiles. In fact, they are not closely related to reptiles at all. Centipedes are arthropods, belonging to the class Chilopoda. They are characterized by their elongated bodies and numerous legs, each segment typically bearing one pair. Centipedes are carnivorous and feed primarily on insects and other small invertebrates.
The Definition of Centipedes
The term "centipede" comes from the New Latin prefix "centi-" meaning "hundred," and the Latin word "pes pedis," meaning "foot." However, it is a misnomer as no centipede has exactly 100 legs. Instead, centipedes have an odd number of pairs of legs, with the number varying from 15 to 170 pairs. Their size ranges from 2 inches to more than 12 inches, and there are about 3000 documented species globally, all belonging to one of five orders.
Distribution and Habitat
Centipedes are found worldwide, in both tropical and temperate regions. They inhabit diverse environments such as Africa, Asia, Central America, Eurasia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. Tropical centipedes are usually large and colorful, such as the Scolopendra gigantea, also known as the Peruvian giant centipede, which can grow up to 15 inches long. Another well-known species is Scolopendra galapagoensis, commonly known as Darwin’s Goliath Centipede, found only on the Galapagos Islands.
Behavior and Predatory Habits
Most centipedes live on the ground, although some species burrow into soft soil, and certain tropical species can be found in trees and caves. Centipedes play a vital role in decomposing organic matter on the forest floor. Their primary prey includes insects, spiders, and worms, with a particular fondness for insects. Centipedes have various colors, ranging from yellow, red, black to orange, and their skin type is soft and more akin to that of a shell than a reptile's tough scales.
Why Centipedes Are More Active at Night
Centipedes lack hard outer skeletons, which make them more sensitive to dehydration. As a result, they spend most of their time near water or in damp habitats such as under mulch, in bathroom or kitchen drains. This is why they are more active at night, a time when conditions are often more suitable for their survival and hunting.
Centipede Species
The house centipede, belonging to the species Scutigera coleoptrata, is a common species found in homes. They range in size from 1 to 6 inches and are easily identified due to their fast movement on their long legs. In contrast, tropical centipedes are less commonly seen in homes.
Reproductive Cycle and Growth
Babies are born with only 4 sets of legs and develop more over time. On average, a female can have 150 babies in her lifetime, though the litter size varies. Generally, the average litter size for centipedes is around 60.
Understanding and distinguishing between centipedes and reptiles can enhance our knowledge of these creatures and their roles in the ecosystem. Whether you encounter them in the wild or in your home, recognizing their unique characteristics is essential for proper identification and interaction.